LEGAL PRINCIPLE: EVIDENCE LAW — Proof of Evidence — Quality of Evidence Prevails Over Quantity
PRINCIPLE STATEMENT
In the evidential scene in the context of probative value, it is not the number of witnesses that matter but the quality of the evidence given. A single witness may give credible evidence while a number of witnesses may not because they are a bundle of contradictions. Emphasis should be on quality rather than quantity.
RATIO DECIDENDI (SOURCE)
Per Tobi, JSC, in Usiobaifo v. Usiobaifo & Anor (2005) NLC-2542000(SC) at p. 8; Paras C–D.
"In the evidential scene in the context of probative value, it is not the number of witnesses that matter but the quality of the evidence given. And so, a situation may arise where a single witness gives credible evidence while a number of witnesses may not because they are a bundle of contradictions. Therefore, emphasis should be on the quality of evidence given rather than the quantity."
EXPLANATION / SCOPE
Quality of evidence, not quantity of witnesses, determines probative value. A single credible witness outweighs multiple contradictory witnesses. The principle applies to evidence law. The rule prevents automatic rejection of single-witness testimony. The court assesses credibility, consistency, and reliability. The number of witnesses is not a statutory requirement for proving most facts.
