Government of Anambra State v. Dr. Sam J. Oji

CASE IDENTIFICATION

Court

Supreme Court

Judicial Division

Abuja

Suit / Appeal Number

SC.34/1989

Date of Judgment

07/09/1990

NLC Citation

GOVT OF ANAMBRA STATE v. OJI (1990) NLC-341989(SC)

Coram
  • Muhammadu Lawal Uwais, JSC
  • Saidu Kawu, JSC
  • Salihu Modibbo Alfa Belgore, JSC
  • Abdul Ganiyu Olatunji Agbaje, JSC
  • Ephraim Omorose Ibukun Akpata, JSC

EDITORIAL SUMMARY

Editorial — not part of the judgment as delivered

Facts of the Case

This is a ruling on two applications brought before the Supreme Court in an appeal from a decision of the Court of Appeal.

The first application was filed by the respondent/applicant on 13 February 1990, seeking to dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution. The application was premised on the grounds that the appeal was one affecting the revenue of the Government of Anambra State, to which Order 7 Rules 6 and 7 of the Supreme Court Rules, 1985 applied, and that the appellant had failed to comply with the mandatory provision of Order 7 Rule 7 by not preparing and lodging the requisite number of records of appeal within 14 days of filing the notice of appeal.

The second application was filed by the appellant/respondent on 14 March 1990, seeking to strike out the respondent’s application and, in the alternative, for an extension of time within which to prepare the records of appeal.

The Court considered both applications and delivered a consolidated ruling.

Issues for Determination

ISSUE 1: Whether the respondent’s application to dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution was competent, having been filed before the expiration of the time prescribed for the appellant to file the record of appeal.

ISSUE 2: Whether the appellant was entitled to an extension of time within which to prepare and file the record of appeal.

 

Decision / Holding

The Supreme Court held that the respondent’s application to dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution was misconceived and incompetent because it was filed prematurely, before the time allowed for the appellant to file the record of appeal had expired. The application was accordingly struck out. The Court granted the appellant’s application for extension of time to file the record of appeal, enlarging the time by 14 days from the date of the ruling.

 

Ratio Decidendi / Principles

APPELLATE PRACTICE — Dismissal for Want of Prosecution — Nature and Effect “The dismissal of an appeal for want of prosecution presupposes that there is a duty which is mandatory for the appellant to perform in order to bring his appeal to the stage of being heard, such as filing a brief of argument or payment of fees, and the appellant has failed, omitted or neglected to perform the obligation.” Per Uwais, JSC, in Govt of Anambra State v. Oji (1990) NLC-341989(SC) at p. 6; Paras A–C.

APPELLATE PRACTICE — Merits of Grounds of Appeal — When Considered “The question whether a ground of appeal has merit or not can only be considered at the stage of judgment by the court after hearing arguments advanced by all the parties in the appeal. It is not therefore a point that can be raised by way of preliminary objection or in an application to dismiss an appeal for want of prosecution.” Per Uwais, JSC, in Govt of Anambra State v. Oji (1990) NLC-341989(SC) at pp. 5–6; Paras E–A.

APPELLATE PRACTICE — Premature Application to Dismiss Appeal for Want of Prosecution “At the time the application to dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution was filed, the appellant still had 7 days within which to take steps to effectively prosecute its appeal. So the application to dismiss for want of prosecution was misconceived and must be struck out.” Per Agbaje, JSC, in Govt of Anambra State v. Oji (1990) NLC-341989(SC) at p. 9; Paras C–E.

Obiter Dicta

The Court observed that the application to dismiss the appeal was premature because the notice of appeal was filed on 6 February 1990, not on 18 January 1990 as alleged by the respondent. The endorsement on the notice of appeal clearly showed the filing date. Consequently, the time for filing the record of appeal would expire on 20 February 1990, and the respondent’s application filed on 13 February 1990 was filed seven days before the deadline.

The Court also noted that the application for extension of time by the appellant was itself premature when filed, but by the date of hearing, no record of appeal had been filed, and the application was granted to avoid unnecessary delay in bringing the appeal to fruition.

     

    Orders of Court

      1. The respondent/applicant’s application to dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution was struck out as misconceived and incompetent.

      1. The appellant/respondent’s application for extension of time to file the record of appeal was granted.

      1. Time was enlarged by 14 days from the date of the ruling (7 September 1990) for the appellant to prepare and file the record of appeal.

    1. No order was made as to costs; each party was to bear its own costs.

    APPEARANCES

    Counsel for the Appellant(s)

    Senator N.N. Anah, S.A.N.

    Counsel for the Respondent(s)

    Not stated in the judgment (referred to as "learned Counsel for the respondent")

    Amicus Curiae

    None

    JUDGMENTS / OPINIONS OF THE COURT

    Authoritative judicial text as delivered

    Lead / Majority Opinion

    — (DELIVERED BY MUHAMMADU LAWAL UWAIS, J.S.C. (DELIVERING  THE LEAD RULING): )

    There are two

    applications before us in this appeal. The first is

    brought by the respondent/applicant while the

    second was filed by

    2

    the appellant/respondent. The first application,

    which was filed on the 13th day of February, 1990,

    is for the appeal to be dismissed for want of

    prosecution on the grounds-

    “1. That the appellant’s said appeal is an appeal to

    which Rules 6 and 7 of Order 7, Supreme Court

    Rules 1985, apply being an appeal against a

    decision of the Court of Appeal affecting the

    revenue of the Government of Anambra State.

    1. That the appellant has failed to comply with the

    mandatory provisions of  Order 7 Rule 7 of the said

    Rules, having not prepared and lodged with the

    Registrar of this Court, for the use of the

    Honourable Justices, the requisite number of

    records of appeal, within 14 days of filing of the

    notice of appeal.

    1. That the appellant’s grounds of appeal even if

    allowed, will not adversely affect the decision of the

    Court of Appeal appealed against.”

    Paragraph 7 of the affidavit in support of the Motion

    reads as follows-

    “7. That being dissatisfied with Exhibit ‘C’ the

    appellant by its Counsel, Senator N.N. Anah, S.A.N.,

    filed a notice of appeal at the Court of Appeal

    Registry, Enugu on the 18th day of January, 1990.

    A certified copy of the appellant’s said notice of

    appeal is attached hereto and marked Exhibit ‘D’ “.

    Copy of the appellant’s notice of appeal is exhibited

    in the affidavit and marked Exhibit D. It is the

    respondent/applicant’s case that the appeal comes

    under the ambit of Order 7 Rules 1(2),6 and 7 of

    the Supreme Court Rules, 1985Order 7 Rule 1(2)

    3

    (d) (v) thereof provides that the provisions ofRules

    and of the order will apply to decisions of the

    Court of Appeal in respect of decisions made by the

    Court of Appeal in cases “affecting the revenue of

    the government of the federation or of a state,”. By

    Order 7 Rule 6 of the Supreme Court Rules, 1985

    “It shall not be necessary for the registrar of the

    Court of Appeal to prepare a record in respect of an

    appeal of the type mentioned in subrule (2) of Rule

    1 of this order unless the court otherwise directs.

    Accordingly, the record for the purpose of such

    appeals shall be prepared in the manner set forth

    inRule 7 of this Order.”

     

    Now, Order 7 Rule 7 (1) of the Supreme Court

    Rules, 1985 provides as follows –

    “7. (1) The appellant shall, in appeals to which this

    rule applies either simultaneously with filing his

    notice of appeal or within 14 days thereafter,

    prepare for the use of the Judges a record

    comprising –

    (a) the index;

    (b) office copies of documents and proceedings

    which the appellant considers relevant to the

    appeal;

    (c) office copy of the order for leave to appeal (if

    any); and

    (d) a copy of the notice of appeal.”

     

    By the deposition in paragraph 7 of the affidavit in

    support of the respondent/applicant’s Motion and

    the oral argument of learnedCounsel for the party,

    the application is premised on the fact that the

    appellant/respondent filed its notice of appeal on

    4

    the 18th day of January. 1990. If this were correct,

    then the appellant/respondent was obliged to file

    the record of appeal within 14 days thereafter, that

    is on or before the 2nd day of February, 1990. The

    question that arises is: did the

    appellant/respondent file the notice of appeal on

    the 18th day of January, 1990 as submitted by

    learnedCounsel for the respondent/applicant? It is

    necessary to examine the notice of appeal filed by

    the appellant/respondent, (Exhibit D) in order to be

    able to answer the question. The notice of appeal

    which was prepared by Senator N.N. Anah, S.A.N.,

    learnedCounsel for the appellant/respondent, is

    dated the 17th day of January, 1990 on its last

    page – page 3. The endorsement at the bottom of

    page 3 bears the stamp of the Court of Appeal

    which clearly shows that the notice of appeal was

    filed on the 6th day of February, 1990, on payment

    of N1.50 for which a temporary cash receipt was

    issued. This, therefore, belies the deposition in

    paragraph 7 of the affidavit in support of the

    application to dismiss the appeal for want of

    prosecution and faults the premise on which the

    application was brought. Furthermore, the

    application to dismiss the appeal together with the

    affidavit in support were filed in the registry of the

    Court of Appeal, Enugu, on the 13th day of

    February, 1990, that is within a week of the notice

    of appeal being filed. In effect the motion to dismiss

    the appeal for want of prosecution was prematurely

    filed because by the date of filing the application,

    the appellant/respondent had seven more days,

    5

    that is until the 20th day of February, 1990, before

    the time to file the record of appeal would expire.

     

    The third ground for bringing the application

    which is that the grounds of appeal filed by the

    appellant/respondent “will not adversely affect the

    decision of the Court of Appeal” was not canvassed

    by learned Counsel for the respondent/applicant. It

    is for that reason considered as abandoned.

    However, even if it was not abandoned, the

    question whether a ground of appeal has merit or

    not  can  only  be considered at  the  stage of

    judgment by the court after hearing arguments

    advanced by all the parties in the appeal. It is not

    therefore a point that can be raised by way of

    preliminary objection or in an application to dismiss

    an appeal for want of prosecution, as done by the

    respondent/applicant.

    The dismissal of an appeal

    for want of prosecution presupposes that there is a

    duty which is mandatory for the appellant to

    perform in order to bring his appeal to the stage of

    being heard, such as filing a brief of argument or

    payment of fees, and the appellant has failed,

    omitted or neglected to perform the obligation. The

    third ground for bringing this application is clearly

    untenable.

     

    It follows, therefore, that for the foregoing

    reasons, the application by the

    respondent/applicant is misconceived and is

    consequently incompetent. In my opinion it should

    be refused. Accordingly, the application is hereby

    struck out.

     

    The second application which was filed by the

    6

    appellant/respondent on the 14th day of March,

    1990 prays as follows-

    “1. To strike out the Motion filed by the

    respondent/applicant in the above appeal dated

    13th February, 1990 on the following grounds:-

    (i) The Motion is misconceived

    (ii) The decision of the court below did not affect

    the revenue of Anambra State but the fundamental

    right of the plaintiff/respondent to a fair hearing

    and the applicable rules therefore are not Rules 6

    and 7 of Order 7 of the Supreme Court Rules 1985

    but Order 7 Rules 1-4 of the same rules.

    1. To grant the appellant/applicant an extension of

    time within which to prepare the records of appeal

    and forward the same to the court in the most

    unlikely event of the above objection not being

    sustained by the court.

    1. Any such further order and/or orders as it may

    seem proper to the court to make in the interest of

    justice.

    1. To consolidate the two Motions namely the

    appellant’s/respondent’s Motion dated the 13th

    February, 1990 and this Motion for hearing and

    determination.

    1. For leave to make reference to Exhibits B, C and

    D annexed to the affidavit accompanying the said

    motion dated 13th February, 1990 and

    1. For any such further order and/or other orders

    as it may seem fit and proper for the court to make

    in the interest of justice.”

    Senator Anah, learned Senior Advocate, moved the

    motion for the appellant and placed emphasis on

    7

    prayer No.2 which asks for extension of time within

    which to prepare the record of appeal. Learned

    counsel for the respondent did not oppose the

    prayer. It is to be observed that prayer no.1 has

    been overtaken by events following our refusal to

    grant the respondent’s application. Similarly,

    prayerNo.4 has also been superseded. At the date

    the appellant’s application was filed, (that is the

    14th day of March, 1990) the appellant was not

    late in filing the record of appeal, for the time to do

    so was to expire on the 20th day of March,

    1990.The application, like that made by the

    respondent/applicant, is premature. However, as at

    the date of hearing the application, namely the

    18th day of June, 1990, no record of appeal had

    been filed. I am of the opinion that the application

    for extension of time to file the record should be

    granted in order to avoid unnecessary delay in

    bringing the appeal to fruition. Accordingly, the

    application for enlargement of time for the

    appellant to file the record of appeal is hereby

    granted. Time is enlarged by 14 days from today.

    There is no order as to costs as each party is to

    bear its costs.”

     

     

    Concurring Opinion(s)

    — SAIDU KAWU, J.S.C.: 

    I have had the advantage

    of reading in draft the ruling of my learned brother,

    Uwais, J.S.C. which has just been delivered. I

    entirely agree with the ruling and for the reasons

    given in the said ruling, I too will refuse the

    respondent/applicant’s application to dismiss the

    appeal for want of prosecution. I will grant the

    8

    appellant’s application for enlargement of time

    within which to file the record of appeal, and

    accordingly time is extended by 14 days from

    today. I make no order as to costs.

     

     

    — SALIHU MODIBBO ALFA BELGORE, J.S.C.:

    This appeal is certainly a quasi-

    academic exercise even though based on strong

    point of law. The timeous application by respondent

    for enlargement has cured the blemish of

    technicality delaying justice. I agree with the

    conclusion of my learned brother, Uwais, J.S.C.

    and will also grant the application for extension of

    time. I also make no order as to costs.

     

     

    — ABDUL GANIYU OLATUNJI AGBAJE, J.S.C.:

    I have had the opportunity of

    reading in draft the lead ruling just delivered by my

    learned brother, Uwais, J.S.C. I agree with him and

    the reasons he gave that the application to dismiss

    the appellant’s appeal for want of prosecution was

    misconceived at the time it was filed. This is so

    because at the time the application to dismiss the

    appeal for want of prosecution was filed, the

    appellant still had 7 days within which to take steps

    to effectively prosecute its appeal. So the

    application to dismiss for want of prosecution was

    misconceived and must be struck out.

    I agree too with my learned brother, Uwais,

    J.S.C. that the application now brought by the

    appellant for an extension of time within which to

    prosecute its appeal has merit and should be

    granted. I also abide by all the consequential orders

    9

    in the lead ruling of my learned brother, Uwais,J.S.C.

     

     

    — EPHRAIM OMOROSE IBUKUN AKPATA, J.S.C.:

    I am in full agreement with the

    decisions reached by my learned brother, Uwais, J

    .S.C., in respect of the two applications. As the

    application of the respondent was premature and

    therefore not competent, it is needless resolving

    the question whether or not the decision of the

    Court of Appeal was a decision affecting the

    revenue of the government of Anambra State. In

    effect, whether or not Order 7 of the Supreme

    Court Rules 1985 applies to the appellant’s appeal

    does not call for a decision.

     

    There is however, the application of the appellant

    for extension of time within which to prepare

    records of appeal pursuant to Order 7 of the

    Supreme Court Rules 1985. The application is made

    subject to “in the most unlikely event of the above

    objection (to the respondent’s application) not

    being sustained.” In essence, therefore, since the

    application of the respondent has been rejected,

    although not on the ground of the objection raised

    by the appellant, there is no valid contention that

    Order 7 applies to the appeal and that the appellant

    should have prepared and lodged with the registrar

    of this court the record of appeal within 14 days of

    filing of the notice of appeal.

     

    My order therefore is that the appellant is at

    liberty to prepare and lodge with the registrar of

    this court the requisite number of records of appeal

    within 14 days from today, purely on the

    10

    assumption that the appeal is governed by Order 7

    Rules 6 and 7 of the Supreme Court Rules 1985. In

    effect the appellant will be doing so ex cautella

    abundanti. The application of the respondent is

    struck out. I also make no order as to costs.

     

    Respondent’s application dismissed.

    Appellant’s application granted in part.

    Dissenting Opinion(s)

    None

    REFERENCES

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