To prove that a document is forged, the standard of proof required is proof beyond all reasonable doubt. To describe a document in criminal language is…

The sale of mortgaged property after the appellants had tendered a bank draft of N1.3 million could not have been done in good faith without collusion.…

Admissions in civil cases are evidence of the truth of facts asserted but are not conclusive against the party. The party has the right to explain…

If a party repudiated and gave no reason at all, all reasons and defences in the action would be open to him. His motives are immaterial,…

If a person contracts to lend money and then refuses or fails to advance it, the borrower cannot sue for the money as a debt (no…

Where a party undertakes to do an act depending entirely on himself, and the contract is silent as to time, the law implies an engagement that…

If one party by his conduct leads another to believe that strict rights under the contract will not be insisted upon, intending that the other should…

All equitable defences must be pleaded fully with full particulars. It is not necessary to plead estoppel in any special form so long as the matter…

Judgment must be confined to issues raised in pleadings. It is not competent for the trial court suo motu to make a case for either party…

A mortgagee will not be restrained merely because the mortgagor objects to the manner of sale or has commenced a redemption action. However, the mortgagee will…

The onus is on the party who asserts to prove its assertion. The respondent bank had not established by credible evidence that the mortgaged property was…

By section 149(d) of the Evidence Act, the presumption is that there was no such letter. If purchase money was paid into the appellants' account, the…