Grounds of appeal must arise from the judgment, ruling, or decision of the court below. A ground with no connection to what the court decided is…

A voluntary confession that is direct, positive, unequivocal, and amounts to admission of guilt can ground a conviction regardless of retraction. Retraction does not make it…

To avail himself of provocation, the appellant must have acted: (i) in the heat of passion; (ii) caused by sudden provocation; (iii) before time for passion…

Confessions, if voluntary, are deemed to be relevant facts as against the persons who make them only.

The trial court must consider whether a reasonable person in such circumstances might be rendered subject to loss of control leading to fatal violence, and whether…

Fair hearing imposes obligations on the court. The court should not take or hear evidence or receive submissions from one party at the back of the…

When counsel withdraws from a case, the trial Judge should direct that a fresh hearing notice be served on the party to enable engagement of new…

The denial of fair hearing to a party is often fatal to the judgment of the court. If a principle of natural justice is violated, it…

If one of the parties is refused a hearing or not given an opportunity to be heard, the hearing cannot qualify as a fair hearing. Without…

It is trite law that jurisdiction is determined by the claim before the court.

In an action for declaration of title, the plaintiff must succeed on the strength of his own case, not on the weakness of the defence, except…

A judgment obtained under the undefended list cannot be set aside as it is treated as a judgment on the merit, except where a rule provision…