Ratio Decidendi

Per Tobi, JSC, in Kazeem v. Mosaku (2007) NLC-123-230-2001(SC) at p. 8; Paras B–C:

"The law is trite that this court cannot tamper with concurrent findings of fact of the two courts unless such findings are perverse."

Explanation / Scope

Concurrent findings by two lower courts are entitled to the highest deference. They are presumed to be correct and are binding on the Supreme Court unless the appellant can establish that they are perverse—meaning they are not supported by the evidence on record, are based on speculation, or ignore relevant evidence. The exception also includes findings that are the result of a substantial error in substantive or procedural law. The burden of proof is heavy. This policy ensures finality and prevents endless relitigation of facts.

Cases Applying This Principle