CIVIL PROCEDURE — Res Judicata — Final Decision on Merits — Estoppel Against Disputing Decision in Subsequent Suit
Ratio Decidendi
Per Rhodes-Vivour, JSC, in Dauda & Anor v. A.G., Lagos State & Ors (2011) NLC-123-184-2000(SC) at p. 20; Paras E—A:
"Where a judgment, i.e a final judicial decision has been pronounced on the merits by a court with the requisite jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter, any party in such suit as against any other party is estopped in a subsequent suit from disputing such decision on the merits."
Explanation / Scope
This principle establishes that a final decision on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction estops any party from disputing that decision in a subsequent suit. The principle applies where res judicata is pleaded. It ensures finality of decisions. The principle reflects the conclusiveness of judgments. It prevents re-litigation. The court must bar the dispute. The principle provides guidance on res judicata.