DAMAGES AND REMEDIES — Special Damages — Strict Proof Required
Ratio Decidendi
Per Oguntade, JSC, in Reynolds Construction Co. (Nig.) Ltd. v. Rockonoh Properties Co. Ltd. (2005) NLC-491999(SC) at p. 16; Para F:
"Similarly, a claim for special damages must be strictly proved; See Shell B.P. v. Cole (1978) 3 SC 183, W.A.E.C. v. Koroye (1977) 2 SC 45 and Agunwa v. Onukwue (1962) 2 SCNLR 275, (1962) 1 All NLR 537."
Explanation / Scope
Special damages must be strictly proved with particularity and evidence. General averments or approximate figures are insufficient. The principle applies to damages in civil proceedings. The rule requires specific proof of each item claimed. The claimant cannot rely on estimates or speculation. Failure of strict proof leads to rejection of the claim.