Ratio Decidendi

Per Muhammad, JSC, in Wachukwu & Anor v. Owunwanne & Anor (2011) NLC-123-87-2001(SC) at p. 17; Paras A—C:

"It is not all contradictions that result in the rejection of the evidence of a witness. It is only those that are material and result in a miscarriage of justice that would warrant such a rejection of evidence."

Explanation / Scope

This principle establishes that only material contradictions resulting in a miscarriage of justice warrant rejection of a witness’s evidence; minor contradictions do not. The principle applies where contradictions are alleged. It ensures that evidence is not rejected for trivial inconsistencies. The principle reflects the distinction between material and minor contradictions. It prevents unjust rejection of evidence. The court must assess materiality. The principle provides guidance on contradictions.

Cases Applying This Principle