Principle

EVIDENCE LAW — Estoppel by Conduct — Elements of Estoppel in Pais

Area of law
EVIDENCE LAW
Court
Supreme Court

Estoppel by conduct (estoppel in pais) prevents a party from denying facts he induced another to believe. Elements: (1) willful conduct (words or actions); (2) causing another to believe a state of things; (3) inducing action on that belief; (4) alteration of position. The principle…

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