If the court has no jurisdiction to determine a subject-matter, the proceedings thereto are and remain a nullity however well conducted and brilliantly decided they might…

Reasonable cause of action means a cause of action with some chance of success when only the allegations in the pleadings are considered. If the alleged…

A cause of action is the entire set of circumstances giving rise to an enforceable claim—the facts or combination of facts giving rise to a right…

A claim for special damages must be strictly proved.

Where traditional evidence of parties in a land matter is in conflict or inconclusive, the court should not go by the credibility of witnesses, but should…

A tenant at sufferance of property is entitled to full protection of the law until lawfully ejected or sued in court.

There is no single invariable manner of pleading mitigation of damages. The facts raised may put failure to mitigate in issue without using the word "mitigation".…

In a claim for declaration of title, the plaintiff must succeed on the strength of its own case (evidence) and not on the weakness of the…

For a declaration of ownership or title to land, a groundwork of how the land came into the ownership or possession of the claimants' predecessors must…

Facts are the bedrock—the fountainhead of law. The court applies law by scrutinising all pleaded facts and elicited evidence to determine which party's case preponderates. Facts…

The law frowns on one party trying to overreach the other by springing a surprise. Evidence elicited on facts not averred in the pleadings goes to…

The court should hear all sides, compare evidence weight, make proper appraisal before determining preponderance. A method of high handedness, judicial rashness, or machiavellianism—where the end…