State laws creating new local government areas are valid but cannot be operative or have full effect until the National Assembly makes the necessary amendment to…

Deeds of mortgage are securities of the same nature. Further advances do not cause merger unless intended. Exhibits D1 and 5 complement the original mortgage in…

A clear and unambiguous clause in a mortgage agreement permitting the bank to stipulate the rate of interest includes the power to charge compound interest. There…

Though a plan is not a sine qua non to identify land, there must be clear description to make the land ascertainable. The acid test is…

Each of the five ways of proving title to land is independent of the other. Where a party's case is based on production of documents of…

Recitals in deeds twenty years old at the date of the contract are sufficient evidence of the truth of such facts, unless proved inaccurate. This presumption…

A party basing title on a grant must plead and prove the origin of the grantor's title unless admitted. Mere production of a deed of grant…

To establish possession, it is not necessary to take active steps like enclosing or cultivating the land. The type of conduct indicating possession varies with the…

Parties are bound by their pleadings. Evidence at variance with the pleadings must be rejected. If such evidence is admitted through oversight, the court must treat…

Where an appellate court can do complete justice between the parties, a new trial should not be ordered. Where a finding depends on credibility of witnesses,…

A court process that is filed but not known to law is null and void ab initio. If such process results in a judgment, ruling, or…

For a defendant to lose his right to call evidence when he makes a no case submission, there must be no doubt as to the final…