Order 24 rule 11 of the High Court of Lagos State (Civil Procedure) Rules applies only to claims not specifically provided for in the preceding rules;…

For a contradiction in the evidence of prosecution witnesses to be fatal, it must be material, substantial, and fundamental to the main issues, creating doubt that…

Whenever there is an amendment to a charge after the commencement of a trial, the accused has the right to recall witnesses who had already testified…

Once a charge is amended, a host of rights inure to the accused under sections 208(2), 209, 210, and 211 of the Criminal Procedure Code as…

Section 208(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code gives the court discretionary power to amend a charge at any time before judgment is delivered, including after addresses…

The Supreme Court will not normally interfere with concurrent findings of fact unless there is a miscarriage of justice or a violation of some principles of…

Evidence of possession is separate from and independent of a claim of title based on traditional history; the two are distinct methods of proving title.

In proceedings in Native, Customary, or Area Courts, it is not unusual for the court on its own to call a witness it considers would help…

In a claim for declaration of title, the onus is always on the plaintiff to establish his claim; the burden never shifts to the defendant throughout…

The standard of proof in a claim for declaration of title is the balance of probabilities (preponderance of evidence), not beyond reasonable doubt; the plaintiff must…

In reviewing Customary Court proceedings, appellate courts must consider the substance liberally, reading the record to understand what the proceedings were about, and determine whether substantial…

The Supreme Court will not normally interfere with concurrent findings of fact unless there is a miscarriage of justice or a violation of some principles of…