Where concurrent findings are not shown to be perverse and have not led to a miscarriage of justice, the Supreme Court will not interfere with them.

An appellate court may take points suo motu, but this discretion must be exercised sparingly and in exceptional circumstances only, and parties must be given the…

An appellate court that determines a matter on an issue raised suo motu without giving counsel the opportunity to be heard commits a miscarriage of justice;…

An appellate court can only consider issues based on grounds of appeal filed before it; its jurisdiction is confined to correcting errors of the court below,…

A ground of appeal that is a ground of law is competent, and it is not necessary to obtain leave to file and argue it.

When a contract is reduced to documents into which other documents are incorporated, the incorporated documents cease to be extrinsic and fall to be construed as…

Where a party has not appealed against a finding of a trial court, he cannot be heard to question that finding on appeal.

When an issue is not placed before the court, it has no business whatever to deal with it.

Where a ground of appeal is withdrawn or not canvassed in the brief, it shall be held to have been abandoned.

A family member can sue to protect family property, including his own interest, even without express authorisation from other family members.

A challenge to a party's representative capacity is a matter that can only be argued as a new issue by leave of court; where no leave…

It is not the duty of the Supreme Court to interfere with concurrent findings of fact by lower courts where those findings were based on evidence…